Stereochemistry and Organic Chemistry

Stereogenic center or stereocenter

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A stereocenter or stereogenic center is an atom bearing groups such that an interchanging of any two groups leads to a stereoisomer. The most common stereocenters are chiral centers and the double-bonded carbon atoms in cis-trans alkenes. Stereoisomerisms  are isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms, but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space. This contrasts with structural isomers, which share the same molecular formula, but the bond connections or their order differs. By definition, molecules that are stereoisomers of each other represent the same structural isomer. Stereoisomers have the supramolecular type of chirality. Regioselectivity  is the preference of one direction of chemical bond making or breaking over all other possible directions. It can often apply to which of many possible positions a reagent will affect, such as which proton a strong base will abstract from an organic molecule, or where on a substituted benzene ring a further substituent will add.  Epimer refers to one of a pair of stereoisomers. The two isomers differ in configuration at only one stereogenic center. All other stereocenters in the molecules, if any, are the same in each. Chirotopicity terms enantiotopic and diastereotopic describe the relationship between a pair of atoms or groups in a molecule. Stereogenic control on industrial scale explains the development of the commercial Synthesis of drugs. Stereoselective synthesis of therapeutic C-Glycosides and also method of continuous variations in Organometallic Chemistry.  Chirality without stereogenic centers is the exceptions of some structure of molecules that have no chiral canters. A few are like Allenes, Biaryls, Hexahelicenes and etc. Steric hindrance occurs when the large size of groups within a molecule prevents chemical reactions that are observed in related molecules with smaller groups.